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Cannabis sativa: interdisciplinary strategies and avenues for medical and commercial progression outside of CBD and THC.

However, significant recent research is starting to unveil the potential of Cannabis to producesecondary compounds that may offer a suite of medical benefits, elevating this unique plantspecies from its illicit narcotic status into a genuine biopharmaceutical.

This review summarises thelengthy history of Cannabis and details the molecular pathways that underpin the production of keysecondary metabolites that may confer medical efficacy.

We also provide an up-to-date summaryof the molecular targets and potential of the relatively unknown minor compounds offered by theCannabis plant.

Furthermore, we detail the recent advances in plant science, as well as syntheticbiology, and the pharmacology surrounding Cannabis.

Given the relative infancy of Cannabis research,we go on to highlight the parallels to previous research conducted in another medically relevant andversatile plant, Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), as an indicator of the possible future directionof Cannabis plant biology.

Overall, this review highlights the future directions of cannabis researchoutside of the medical biology aspects of its well-characterised constituents and explores additionalavenues for the potential improvement of the medical potential of the Cannabis plant.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This article is an open access article distributed under the terms andconditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ).

Morphological and chromatographic tests are presented for the identi cation and quantitative determination of critical constituents.

Cannabis Sativa Monograph Download Citation Copy

Paula N Brown British Columbia Institute of Technology Show all 16 authors Hide Download full-text PDF Read full-text Download full-text PDF Read full-text Download citation Copy link Link copied Read full-text Download citation Copy link Link copied Citations (11) References (54) Figures (4) Abstract and Figures There is an active and growing interest in cannabis female inflorescence (Cannabis sativa) for medical purposes.

Therefore, a definition of its quality attributes can help mitigate public health risks associated with contaminated, substandard, or adulterated products and support sound and reproducible basic and clinical research.

As cannabis is a heterogeneous matrix that can contain a complex secondary metabolome with an uneven distribution of constituents, ensuring its quality requires appropriate sampling procedures and a suite of tests, analytical procedures, and acceptance criteria to define the identity, content of constituents (e.g., cannabinoids), and limits on contaminants.

As an independent science-based public health organization, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) has formed a Cannabis Expert Panel, which has evaluated specifications necessary to define key cannabis quality attributes.

The consensus within the expert panel was that these specifications should differentiate between cannabis chemotypes.

Based on the secondary metabolite profiles, the expert panel has suggested adoption of three broad categories of cannabis.

These three main chemotypes have been identified as useful for labeling based on the following cannabinoid constituents: (1) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-dominant chemotype; (2) intermediate chemotype with both THC and cannabidiol (CBD); and (3) CBD-dominant chemotype.

Cannabis plants in each of these chemotypes may be further subcategorized based on the content of other cannabinoids andor mono- and sesquiterpene profiles.

Morphological and chromatographic tests are presented for the identification and quantitative determination of critical constituents.

Limits for contaminants including pesticide residues, microbial levels, mycotoxins, and elemental contaminants are presented based on toxicological considerations and aligned with the existing USP procedures for general tests and assays.

The principles outlined in this review should be able to be used as the basis of public quality specifications for cannabis inflorescence, which are needed for public health protection and to facilitate scientific research on cannabis safety and therapeutic potential.

HPTLC profile of 11 cannabinoids and the fingerprints of three cannabis chemotypes before and after decarboxylation.

Commonly observed dominant and co-dominant terpenes in commercial cannabis inflorescence.

The figure shows the dominance and codominance of terpenes and that humulene, ocimene, linalool, and -pinene are not dominant terpenes.

Figures - uploaded by Nandakumara D Sarma Author content All figure content in this area was uploaded by Nandakumara D Sarma Content may be subject to copyright.

Cannabis Sativa Monograph For Free Public Full

Discover the worlds research 20 million members 135 million publications 700k research projects Join for free Public Full-text 1 Content uploaded by Nandakumara D Sarma Author content All content in this area was uploaded by Nandakumara D Sarma on Apr 17, 2020 Content may be subject to copyright.

Johnson, Robin J.

Marles, Jeremy E.

Melanson, Ethan Russo, Lawrence Deyton, Christopher Hudalla, Gordon A.

Vrdoljak, Joshua H.

Wurzer, Ikhlas A.

Khan, Nam-Cheol Kim, and Gabriel I.

Giancaspro Cite This: Read Online ACCESS Metrics More Article Recommendations s Supporting Information ABSTRACT: There is an active and growing interest in cannabis female in orescence ( Cannabis sativa ) for medical purposes.

The consensus within the expert panel was that these speci cations should di erentiate between cannabis chemotypes.

Based on the secondary metabolite pro les, the expert panel has suggested adoption of three broad categories of cannabis.

These three main chemotypes have been identi ed as useful for labeling based on the following cannabinoid constituents: (1) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-dominant chemotype; (2) intermediate chemotype with both THC and cannabidiol (CBD); and (3) CBD-dominant chemotype.

Cannabis plants in each of these chemotypes may be further subcategorized based on the content of other cannabinoids andor mono- and sesquiterpene pro les.

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